Marx And Weber s Effect On The Society Of Individuals And...

After taking into consideration the criticisms of both Marx and Weber, the more satisfactory account of class comes from Weber. Firstly, Weber is writing in hindsight of Marx. Weber was writing 60 years after wrote his account of class therefore it is easier for Weber to consider Marx’s faults and improve them to make them more relevant to modern societies. ***reference****It is unrealistic to consider class on it’s own in modern societies, because as Weber proves, status and party are hugely influential for ‘the lives of individuals and for the dynamics of institutions’ (Olin Wright 2005: 21). Dorling writes ‘Social class in Britain is clearly no longer neatly defined by occupation’ which is the way that Marx determines one’s class. Giddens (2009) uses the example of people from aristocratic families. They are considered to be of a high class and status even if they have no job and little money. Although Weber’s work if often praised for ‘creating a more flexible basis for empirical analysis of stratification’, Weber is also critiqued for the inconsistency within his work. Cox (1950) criticized Weber work social stratification writing, ‘It seems to us it is too generalized and inconsistent to be of any considerable value as a source of fundamental suggestions in understanding the phenomena’. It is difficult to clarify the boundaries between the different groups possibly resulting in an in coherent way of determining someone’s social status. However, in relation to classShow MoreRelatedWeber and Religion: The Prophet Motive Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesWeber and Religion: The Prophet Motive Weber was concerned to demonstrate, contrary to Marxs thought, that culture was not reducible to the economic aspect of a society. Weber insisted that culture was to be considered as an autonomous value-sphere of any society. We might define such a value-sphere as; ..a distinct realm of activity which has its own inherent dignity and in which certain values, norms, obligations are inherentRead MoreMarx Durkheim Weber2352 Words   |  10 Pagesmethods used by Marx, Durkheim, Weber for the analysis of social forces and relations in modern society. Defining the concept of social forces and relations in modern society without assuming them as a derivatives of other sciences such as politics, philosophy, religion conclude us with the examination of them as the core foundation of classical sociological theory. Thus we will encounter with Durkeim, Marx and Weber’s conceptualization of social forces and relations in modern society. The ideaRead MoreMetropolis And Mental Life By Georg Simmel2554 Words   |  11 Pagessociologist that we studied, have had varying ideas of what culture in society is. However, we examined each article with a central theme in mind being â€Å"culture is about meaning-making†. Though meaning making has a general definition that will be discussed later, each writer addressed it differently. The contribution each of these writers has had to our course has been very important when looking at the aspect of culture in society. First, we must address the question of, â€Å"What is meaning-making?†Read MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagesthe West, think of themselves as ‘free’ from enslavement by others, and even free from the organization of the state, who can argue that they are also free from the pervasive effects of language, culture and science? These are matters into which we find ourselves ‘thrown’, long before we wake up to their organizing effects. If, indeed, we ever do wake up. For if the intricate relations between language and thought came to be examined late in the 19th century, questions about the intercession betweenRead MoreSocial Change Is Inevitable? Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesthe social change to me is subject to this pattern too.The speed of change varies between to spectrum,slow which people barely notice and fast in a way the society experience a shock. By the word change,we refer to a observable difference in a special time span.Therefore,social change would imply a noticeable difference in any aspects of society over a period of time. According to Gillin and Gillin : Social changes are variations from the accepted modes of life; whether due to alterations in geographicalRead MoreUnderstanding Conflict Through Sociological Perspective Essay5342 Words   |  22 PagesWhat is Conflict? 6 7. Works of Karl Marx 9 8. Conflict of interest 12 9. Conflict perspective in sociology 13 10. In classical sociology 14 11. Modern approaches 17 12. Types of conflict theory 20 13. Conclusion 21 14. Bibliography, websites referred 21 Introduction Conflict  is the  struggle  for  agency  or  power  in  society. Social conflict or group conflict occurs when twoRead MoreThe Historical Transformation of Work14383 Words   |  58 PagesTHE HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATION OF WORK 1 Chapter contents Work in pre-industrial societies Work in industrial capitalist societies Main features of work in industrial capitalist societies Capitalist industrialization and the primacy of work Crises and industrial capitalism Technological and organizational change The rise of trade unions Women and work in the development of industrial capitalism The dominant conception of work in industrial capitalism Summary and conclusions Further reading QuestionsRead MoreSociology and Social Change6068 Words   |  25 Pagesindeed, was that those elements of reality that he came to call social facts(2) were out there, regardless of whether the individuals felt their presence or not. Actually, the individuals are almost never aware of the compelling presence of those social facts, which they have a tendency to take for granted. Sometimes, however, social facts appear unmistakably to the individual who is not even trained sociologically to discover that which is not so obvious. This awareness about the co nstrictive presenceRead MoreSociology and Social Change6058 Words   |  25 Pagesindeed, was that those elements of reality that he came to call social facts(2) were out there, regardless of whether the individuals felt their presence or not. Actually, the individuals are almost never aware of the compelling presence of those social facts, which they have a tendency to take for granted. Sometimes, however, social facts appear unmistakably to the individual who is not even trained sociologically to discover that which is not so obvious. This awareness about the constrictive presenceRead MoreEssay on Sociology- Culture and Identity3293 Words   |  14 Pagespatterns of social organisation and the ‘norms’ they are expected to follow. Culture varies between societies and across time. It is an extremely important part of everyday life and is the focal point in the study of sociology. Therefore, sociologists are interested in how culture is patterned, maintained and why it is the way it is. American Anthropologist, Ralph Linton states that, ‘The culture of a society is the way of life of its members, the collection of ideas and habits which they learn, share

How to Say Hello in Mandarin Chinese

The first step to starting a conversation in Mandarin Chinese is to say hello! Learn how to greet people in Mandarin Chinese with the help of audio files to ensure your pronunciation is correct. Audio links are marked with ââ€" º. Characters The Chinese phrase for hello is made of two characters: ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½ ââ€" ºnÇ Ã‚  hÇŽo. The first character ä ½   (nÇ ) means you. The second character Ã¥ ¥ ½ (hÇŽo) means good. Thus, the literal translation of ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nÇ  hÇŽo) is you good.   Pronunciation Note that Mandarin Chinese uses four tones. The tones used in ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½ are two third tones. When 2 first tone characters are placed next to each other, the tones slightly change. The first character is pronounced as a rising tone second tone, while the second character shifts into a low, dipping tone. Informal vs Formal Use ä ½   (Ç ) is the informal form of you and is used for greeting friends and associates. The formal you is æ‚ ¨ (nà ­n). Thus, the formal form of hello is ââ€" ºnà ­n hÇŽo - æ‚ ¨Ã¥ ¥ ½.   æ‚ ¨Ã¥ ¥ ½(nà ­n hÇŽo) is used when speaking to superiors, people in authority, and elders. The more casual ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nÇ  hÇŽo) should be used when speaking to friends, colleagues, and children.   China Taiwan The use of æ‚ ¨Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nà ­n hÇŽo) is more common in Mainland China than in Taiwan. The informal ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nÇ  hÇŽo) is the most common greeting in Taiwan, no matter what the rank of the person you are addressing. You may also be wondering why there are two Chinese written versions of this phrase: ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥â€"Ž and ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ â€". The first version is in traditional characters which are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and many overseas Chinese communities. The second version is simplified characters, the official writing system in Mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia. How Are You? You can extend ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nÇ  hÇŽo) by adding the question particle Ã¥â€"Ž / Ã¥ â€" ââ€" ºma. The question particle Ã¥â€"Ž (traditional form) / Ã¥ â€" (simplified form) can be added to the end of sentences and phrases to change them from statements into questions. The literal translation of ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥â€"Ž? / ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ â€" (nÇ  hÇŽo ma)? is you good?, which means how are you? This greeting should only be said to close friends or family members. It is not a common greeting for associates or strangers. The answer to ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥â€"Ž / ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ â€" (nÇ  hÇŽo ma)? can be: hÄ›n hÇŽo - Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½ - very goodbà ¹ hÇŽo - ä ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½ - not goodhà ¡i hÇŽo - é‚„å ¥ ½ / è ¿ËœÃ¥ ¥ ½ - so so

Cervantes and Shakespeare Same Era, Different Tales

In one of those coincidences of history, two of the Western worlds leading authors — William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra — died on April 23, 1616 (more on that soon). But thats not all they had in common, for each was a pioneer in his field and had a long-lasting influence on his language. Heres a quick look at the ways in which these two writers were similar and different. Vital Statistics Keeping records of birth dates wasnt nearly as important in 16th-century Europe as it is today, and therefore we dont know with certainty the exact date when Shakespeare or Cervantes was born. We do know, however, that Cervantes was the older of the two, having been born in 1547 in Alcalà ¡ de Henares, near Madrid. His birth date is usually given as Sept. 19, the day of San Miguel. Shakespeare was born on a spring day in 1564, presumably in Stratford-upon-Avon. His baptism date was April 26, so he probably was born a few days before then, possibly on the 23rd. While the two men shared a date of death, they didnt die on the same day. Spain was using the Gregorian calendar (the one in nearly universal use today), while England was still using the old Julian calendar. So Cervantes in fact died 10 days ahead of Shakespeare. Contrasting Lives Its safe to say that Cervantes had the more eventful life. He was born to a deaf surgeon who struggled to find lasting work in a field that was low-paying at the time.  In his 20s, Cervantes joined the Spanish military and was seriously injured in the Battle of Lepanto, receiving chest injuries and a damaged hand. As he was returning to Spain in 1575, he and his brother Rodrigo were captured by Turkish pirates and subjected to forced labor. He remained in custody for five years despite repeated attempts to flee. Eventually, Cervantes family drained its resources in paying ransom to liberate him. After attempting and failing to make a living as a playwright (only two of his plays survive), he took a job with the Spanish Armada and ended up being accused of graft and jailed. He was once even accused of murder. Cervantes finally achieved fame after publishing the first part of the novel El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha in 1605. The work is usually described as the first modern novel, and it was translated to dozens of other languages. He published the remainder of the work a decade later and also wrote other less well-known novels and poems. He did not become wealthy, however, as author royalties were not the norm at the time. In contrast with Cervantes, Shakespeare was born into a wealthy family and grew up in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon. He made his way to London and was apparently making a living as an actor and playwright in his 20s. By 1597, he had published 15 of his plays, and two years later he and business partners built and opened the Globe Theatre. His financial success gave him more time to write plays, which he continued to do until his early death at age 52. Influences on Language Living languages always evolve, but fortunately for us, both Shakespeare and Cervantes were authors recently enough that most of what they wrote remains understandable today despite changes in grammar and vocabulary during the intervening centuries. Shakespeare undoubtedly had a greater influence in changing the English language, thanks to his flexibility with parts of speech, freely using nouns as adjectives or verbs, for example. He is also known to have drawn from other languages such as Greek when it was useful. Although we dont know how many words he coined, Shakespeare is responsible for the first recorded use of around 1,000 words. Among the lasting changes he is partly responsible for is the popular use of un- as a prefix to mean not. Among the words or phrases we know first from Shakespeare are one fell swoop, swagger, odds (in the betting sense), full circle, puke (vomit), unfriend (used as a noun to refer to an enemy). and hazel (as a color). Cervantes isnt known so much for enriching Spanish vocabulary as he is for using sayings or phrases (not necessarily original with him) that have endured and even become parts of other languages. Among those that have become part of English are tilting at windmills, the pot calling the kettle black (although in the original a frying pan does the talking), and the skys the limit. So widely known became Cervantes pioneering novel that Don Quijote became the source of the English adjective quixotic. (Quixote is an alternative spelling of the title character.) The Spanish equivalent is quijotesco, although it more often refers to personality than does the English word. Both men became closely associated with their languages. English is frequently referred to as the language of Shakespeare (although the term is often used to refer specifically to how it was spoken in his era), while Spanish is often called the language of Cervantes, which has changed less since his era than English has. Did Shakespeare and Cervantes Ever Meet? As so whether the two playwrights crossed paths, the quick answer is not that we know of, but its possible. After twins were born to Shakespeare and his wife, Anne Hathaway, in 1585, there are seven nonconsecutive lost years of his life for which we have no record. Although most speculation assumes that he spent his time in London perfecting his craft, fans have speculated that Shakespeare traveled to Madrid and became personally acquainted with Cervantes. Although we have no evidence of that, we do know that that one play that Shakespeare may have written, The History of Cardenio, is based on one of Cervantes characters in Don Quijote. However, Shakespeare would not have needed to travel to Spain to become familiar with the novel. That play no longer exists. Because we know little about the educations that Shakespeare and Cervantes received, there also has been speculation that neither wrote the works attributed to him. A few conspiracy theorists have even proposed that Shakespeare was the author of Cervantes works and/or vice versa — or that a third party, such as Francis Bacon, was the author of both their works. Such wild theories, especially regarding Don Quijote, seem far-fetched, as Don Quijote is steeped in Spains culture of the time in a way that a foreigner would have found difficult to convey. Key Takeaways Noted writers William Shakespeare of England and Miguel de Cervantes of Spain lived at the same time—they died on the same calendar date—but Cervantes was born about 17 years earlier.Both men had an enormous influence on their respective languages.It is unknown if the two men ever met, but missing years in Shakespeares life makes that a possibility.

The Plight of the Common Man in Herman Melvilles...

George Edward Woodberry, author of the Heart of Man, published in 1899, emphasized the significance of the role of the individual as an active and equal partner in American democratic rule: The doctrine of the equality of mankind by virtue of their birth as men, with its consequent right to equality of opportunity for self-development as a part of social justice, establishes a common basis of conviction, in respect to man, and a definite end as one main object of the State; and these elements are primary in the democratic scheme. Liberty is the next step, and is the means by which that end is secured. It is so cardinal in democracy to strive for a balance between the individual and the mass, so that the identification of the common man†¦show more content†¦This unwillingness to alter national traditions was evident in the struggle between the individual and the community. However, with the emphasis now on the advancement of the individual, many citizens wondered how the new country would maintain the national community. In an attempt to address this struggle, Romantic writers such as Melville concerned themselves with an escape from the traditions and the authorities of the past. In promoting the formation of a unique American Literature with a unique national identity, the Romantics created the interplay between the reader and the writer and, in doing so, stressed the importance of the interdependence between the individual and the community. Romantic authors critically studied the social values of the emerging democratic nation in order to create a new identity rather than a representation. Hawthorne and Melville defined the Romance genre as the self-conscious expression of nineteenth-century America: a common vision of our literature as distinguished from an English literary tradition. Ironically, the most striking feature of their vision was its kinship- with the emerging voice of the individual. (Strout 1) Herman Melville depicts the struggle for individual sovereignty in his short story Bartleby the Scrivener; through the actions and the attitudes of the elite narrator in the story, the deceptiveness of democracy is evident. The ideology of

Juveniles As A Victim Of A Crime Essay - 1570 Words

Juveniles Juveniles come in contact with the law and law enforcement everyday, but it is important to understand how to deal with these individuals. Oftentimes juveniles can be a victim of a crime, or even a suspect in a crime, and it is necessary to learn how to effectively communicate with these individuals. Children and juveniles have a different language set, understanding of law, mindset, and even a different way of coping compared to their adult counterparts. Officers dealing with these younger persons need to understand the capacity of these children, and how to properly communicate with them. These children involved in crimes often will testify in court, be interviewed, and on occasion be interrogated for crimes. Law officers today need to be aware of these differences with juveniles and have the skills necessary to communicate with these individuals in the interrogation and interviewing settings. Juveniles and Crime Today, many juveniles are becoming involved in crimes, whether it be the victim of a sexual assault or a suspect of a robbery, it is important to know how to effectively communicate with these individuals when interviewing/interrogating. Juveniles brains and thought processes are still developing throughout young adulthood, so it could be said that these individuals do not have the ability to make rational decisions all the time. Understanding the differences between juveniles and the adult community is important when dealing with these juveniles,Show MoreRelatedShould Juvenile Offenders Be Punished?1423 Words   |  6 Pages often victims of harm say they want the juvenile offender to pay for what he/she has done. Making someone pay for the harm they have caused is an easy concept when it comes to adult offenders; however, what about juvenile offenders? Should juvenile offenders be punished for what he/she has done? When victims want the juvenile offender to be punished for the harm they have caused, this is called retributive justice. Often Americans think that upping the consequences for committing crime is deterrentRead MoreCRJ 180 WEEK SEVEN Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ COMBATING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY GINA BUFFALOE CRJ 180/STRAYER UNIVERSITY DR. CLINTON MILLER 8/17/2014    COMBATING JUVENILE DELIQUENCY HILSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA Hillsborough County in the state of Florida initiated a program called the Juvenile Arrest Avoidance Program or JAAP in August of 2010. The the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI) was also implemented to provide at-risk youths the greatest opportunity to mature into responsible, law-abiding adultsRead MoreJuvenile Offenders Are Not Charged With Crimes968 Words   |  4 Pages Juvenile offenders are not charged with crimes; they are charged with delinquent acts. To determine whether or not a juvenile should be charged as an adult would be dependent upon what the juvenile was charged with (NCJRS Abstract- National Criminal Justice Reference Service,† n.d.). Juveniles who commit violent offenses to the extent that it labels the juvenile themselves as violent, should be charged as an adult. These types of offenses would include rape, murder, or any aggravated crimesRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Act Of 19741625 Words   |  7 Pages A juvenile or â€Å"youthful inmate† as defined by the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) is any person under the age of eighteen who is under adult-court supervision and incarcerated or detained in a prison or jail. While PREA defines a juvenile as under the age of eighteen the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA) allows the states to set their own definition of a juvenile (Lahey). This discrepancy in the definition of a juvenile has caused problems and slow progressRead MoreJuvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prison vs. Juvenile Incarceration1703 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prisons vs. Juvenile Incarceration Maureen Fries-Labra English 122 Anna Hopson December 14, 2009 Juvenile Rehabilitation: Adult Prisons vs. Juvenile Incarceration The criminal justice system has a branch for juvenile offenders. Established in the early twentieth century; it is the responsibility of this division to decide the fates of youthful offenders. This is administered by family court with support of social workers and family. With the increased numberRead MoreJail Cells Are Formally The New Classrooms1399 Words   |  6 Pagesscream, the juveniles that were children yesterday instantly become killers, murderers, and criminals. In America, juveniles who commit adult crimes are tried every day in juvenile courts, where the juveniles are leniently given shortened sentences, and fail to learn from their mistakes. The criminals turn into our next door neighbors, our friends, and live their lives in harmony, leaving the victims and the victims’ families to suffer in pain and sorrow. Young people who commit violent crimes shouldRead MoreThe Crime Of Juvenile Offenders1256 Words   |  6 Pagesextremely much higher rates in the 2000â €™s) that portions of juvenile offenders commit most of the chronic, and violent, crimes of juvenile offenders. In a study conducted by Philadelphia birth cohort (Figlio, Wolfgang, Sellin, 1972) found that these â€Å"chronic offenders† (including having five or more police contact activities) in whole, constituted six percent of the cohort, and a rising figure of 18 percent of all delinquents. The juvenile offenders were again responsible for the rising of 64 percentRead MoreArticle Review : Criminology By Anthony Walsh, And Craig Hemmens928 Words   |  4 Pagesto choice from at the end of each respective section. The one that stood out the utmost was, Violent Victimization as a Risk Factor for Violent Offending Among Juveniles written by Jennifer N. Shaffer and R. Barry Ruback. In this article it talked about how juveniles have a considerably greater risk of becoming a violent victim of a crime, or become the violent offender. They conducted the research over the cou rse of two years. Conducting the research followed by analyzing of the first year, thenRead MoreStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations1872 Words   |  7 PagesStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations: As they come into contact with the juvenile justice system different, delinquent youths are treated differently in this system. Notably, the jurisdiction of this system and its courts also extends to non-delinquent youths like dependent and neglected youths, and status offenders. However, non-delinquents are not only viewed differently but they are also treated separately from delinquents. In most cases, non-delinquentsRead MoreShould People Less Than Eighteen Years Old (Minors/Juveniles/Adolescents) Ever Be Tried and Sentenced as Adults?1516 Words   |  7 PagesShould people less than eighteen years old (minors/juveniles/adolescents) ever be tried and sentenced as adults? The legislation of trying and sentencing youth criminals under adult justice system has been a hot topic of debate. Supporters of tough laws on insist the need to enforce harsh penalties to uphold justice. The practice of treating youth criminals as adults since the 1990s is a result of the steep rise in youth crimes. However, youth advocates argue that tough laws should not be applied

Factors Influencing Graduate Employability within an ODL Institution

Question: Describe about the Factors Influencing Graduate Employability Within an Open-Distance Learning (ODL) Institution? Answer: Introduction: This literature review deals with some factors of distance learning in higher education. There are some factors of influences in order to provide distance education for the students. As defined by Brynteson (2013), employability is a set of skill and ability that helps to search proper and accurate employment and obtain new types of employment in accordance with the knowledge and experiences. Employability of a student also depends on the quality of higher education within all countries of the world. Different types of employability are there. Here the author has discussed about the Institutional employability. Different higher education has been ranked by the amount of the employability of their graduates and post graduates. Higher educated people have been considered as an effective employee of any organization of his/her specialized area of expertise. Process of employability development in some higher institutions is often considered as explicit and integral to the education. Some subjects area has structured training and development program for developing the skills of employment in future area. Nursing, teaching, law have constructed some area of practical work as this will benefit the students during his/her employment (Cai, 2012). As stated by, Carroll (2011) employability of graduates and other higher degree holders are considered as a remarkable benchmark in order to measure the quality of higher education. Now days, the process of open and Distance learning has been increased. Basically, the purpose of distance learning is to provide education worldwide to all sorts of people of every age. Students from Distance universities also get job in various sectors of employment. These distance universities are trying to meet the global demand of education across the globe. However, distance learning education has several issues in order to produce more effective education in accordance with the pre determined goal of program. Drop out and late completion of some students has become a serious issue within the sector of distance learning. Open and Distance Learning program has been set for the individual learners in order to compete with other learners. The motto of Open and Distance education is to provide education for all individual learners within the period of life. There have been research and literature about higher education and employability skills of the employees. However, open and Distance Learning education have faced some problems during providing employment opportunities to the learners. This portion of literature therefore focuses upon the factors influencing graduate employability within an open-distance learning institution and learning procedure (Cambridge Employability Skills Framework, 2015). Reviewing literatures: As stated by,D'souza et al. (2013) the concept of employability therefore is related to the concept of professional success. Employability is not all about the achievement of the particular institution. Various stakeholders of an educational institution like graduates, students, project managers, project coordinator and employers, academics etc. Concept of employability therefore involves with the activity of gaining employment rate, objectives of the employers and the success factor of the job as well as relevant skills of the employers. Therefore, effectiveness of employability among institutional sector refers to the efficiency and effectiveness of the institution in order to develop and trained the graduates who are employable for different organizations. Different ways have been stated by, Estelami (2013) in order to analyze the effectiveness of institution and the process of learning of those institution including distance learning centre. Employability skills refers to the skills those help a student to find a suitable job. For this case, the effectiveness of institution should be calculated by the proportion of graduates within the institution. In case of measuring the attributes of graduates, the effectiveness of institution should be indicated by a survey among the satisfaction process of graduates of the institution. On the other hand, Frith and Clark (2013) stated that, for this purpose, an audit of the opportunities of development should be indicated by the institution. Satisfaction of graduates throughou t the study of the program should be considered in order to investigate the effectiveness of institution. On the other hand, Fugate et al. (2004) stated that, a magic bullet model of employability effectiveness has been done in order to understand the effectiveness of employment rates of higher educational institutions. Employability development opportunities and the institution of higher education as well as graduate employer have interconnection and relation in order to investigate the effectiveness of higher education in distance form or regular form upon the learners. As stated by, Haverila (2010), employability can be refereed as a difficult and complex phenomenon. It is very difficult process to define for the sake of employers and learners. Policy makers and employers have faced several issues for this difficult process of employability. Employability often overlooks the subjective dimension of employability. Employability also refers to the severe understanding about the perception of the employers and current state and condition of the market where the employer is going to enter in order to perform the duties and responsibilities. The labor market should be understood by the learners properly. Attitudes, current position, beliefs and position within competitive market sector have to be considered by the employer. Several types of policy on employability have been built with the assumptions of human capital. This has been built by the experience of individual within the labor market. On the other hand, Yasmin (2013) argued that, students further develop their individual narratives for the progress of their career. Several problems on employability and career development have remained problems of individual students. Various institutions of employability use their personal resources and agency in order to negotiate with the graduates. As per discussed by, Wye and Lim (2009) huge growth in undergraduate education of business has matched with the higher education. UK government has taken initiative in order to promote the Business and Management Education within the higher education format. It can be stated as a long term aspect of trend. According to, Wilton (2011) several employability skills are referred as transferable skills of every individuals. Employability skills refer to the skills of problem solving of an individual. Written communication skills, spoken communication skills are also refereed as employability or transferable skills of individuals. Foreign language skills, numeracy and basic literacy of computer are also considered as basic employability skills of individuals. On the other hand, skills of information technology and several skills of software have also refereed as employability skills. Research skills, creativity and team work have been considered as the basic skills of employability as transferable skills of individuals. Employability skills are the transferable skills those influence over the job structure of the learners. Therefore, the employed organization needs to take prior decision in order to know the capabilities and skills of the graduates and higher educated candidates. Practical knowledge and experience have considered by the employer organization. However, higher degree of the employer is also been considered by the employed organization. Therefore, the purpose of employed organization needs to take it a prior decision to take the employees in order to consider the predetermined objectives of the organization (Wilton, 2008). Employability skills always should be considered by the organization that is going to hire the candidates for the purpose of the business organization. As per the discussion of, Gil-Jaurena (2013), global tendency of various employer agencies is to hire the higher graduates for their effective employability skills. Therefore, graduate employability has become the benchmark for all the organization who regularly hires all those higher educated people for the purpose of their organization. However, the policies and strategies of higher education and the quality of higher education are the subject of discussion. Therefore, in the case of distance learning education, several problems have faced by the students. Foreign education or distance learning education can be refereed as a mode of education where the students are not physically present in the traditional class room set up. This process of education is beyond the process of traditional class room teaching. This education has been based upon the direction or instruction of the teacher or teaching faculty. This education has no necessity of delivering education within the class room or any other form of traditional room. This education is therefore open for all of different ages, location and mentality (Harvey, 2001). On the other hand, Morrison (2012) argued that, distance higher learning delivers the access of all the sources of information to the learners while the learners and the sources of learning are both estranged from the space and time. Online courses is involved under the distance learning education those provide huge scale of interaction of all learners through effective medium of internet r online. At the very beginning, Morrison (2012) stated that, this type of course, learners had to attain certain classes during one or two times of a year. This process is also continued by some universities of developing countries, like India. Therefore, with the trend of online activities, process of online courses have been increased that much, most of the learners are tended towards the online courses of various universities. However, the employability skills of distance learners are not as effective as the skills of regular students. There are many socio, technological factor those influence over the learners and the process of distance learning within various countries of world. As discussed by () distance education lacks from face to face interaction of the student and teacher. Therefore the advantage of traditional method of regular teaching is that the students can put their questions about their study material to the teacher and they get answers from the teacher instantly. However, this facility is not presented in the process or strategy of the distance learning. Therefore, for eradicating this problem, multiple facilities like web chat, chartrooms, and blogging have been introduced in the process of distance learning (Kumar and Lin, 2013). Various studies have discussed that, the students of medical and other practical related subject require face to face communication with the learners of their courses. However, Hosseini and Rezaei (2010) discussed that, the teacher often finds it difficult to provide distance learning process to the learners. Studies have been stated that, the rate of the drop out of students is also high than the traditional method of learning. Employer organization also states that they have no belief in the process of online courses. According to, Kruss (2004) they often find it difficult to choose higher educated people from the online courses. They state that there are some gaps between the traditional method of teaching and distance education. Therefore, big companies do not expect from the students of distance learning that they will be enough skilled in order to produce employability for their companies. Higher educated people from distance education often found job in some small companies as because their learning process is not as effective as the traditional method of learning. Especially, Mason et al. (2009) stated that, in some developing countries of the world, process and strategy of distance learning is not as effective as the developed countries. Therefore, learners of these countries face some problems during their employment in some large organization (Gokuladas, 2010). Therefore, Al-Mutairi and Naser (2014) stated that, the scenario of developing country is different from the scenario of developing country. The capital and cost of this type of education is high and student can afford this cost in the developed countries while the situation of developing countries is vice versa. Therefore, for this reason, big house of employer often prefer to choose the students of developing countries who has done completed their study in a traditional method of learning. Conclusion: In order to investigate the background of the higher education graduates some literatures have conducted survey that covers some area of employability skills. Those surveys has covered some areas of employability, those are as follows: The importance of abilities and skills that has been required by the graduates of higher studies Level of satisfaction of the graduates Level of graduate education that will be best suited for the positions that is vacant Factors of influencing the recruitment of graduates Reputation of various types of educational institution Quantity and type of training that has been given to the graduates of Institution Major challenges of institutions in order to hire the higher graduates Coordination as well as cooperation among the educational institutions and various types of companies Several views upon the process of making more employable to the higher graduates Therefore, in order to investigate this particular area, survey has been conduced and the findings have been found in respect of the study. Main findings of this study are as follows: Several Companies have recruited higher graduates for more than five years of operation. Those companies will also hire higher graduates for the future purpose of the business company. In order to deal with several peoples in abroad, the companies prefer to take higher graduates for the purpose of the company. Ability of working under a team and basic literacy of computer has been considered by those recruiting companies. Computer literacy and team work has remained very important as well as essential skills of higher graduates for the purpose of those business companies (Tomlinson, 2007). There are other skills and capabilities those have also influenced over the view of recruiters. Various skills and capabilities of higher graduates have been compared by the recruiters in order to recruit the graduates for the purpose of the business organization. Vast numbers of business companies who regularly hire people for their purpose of business have stated that, the higher graduate students have most of the proper and accurate skills those will benefit the companies in order to deliver the responsibilities and duties of them (Todhunter, 2013). On the other hand, Sermsuk et al. (2014) stated that, the recruiting companies also have been very satisfied by the higher graduates and the skills of them. These business companies therefore prefer to hire these higher graduates in order to meet the desired skills for the business purpose of the organization. These business companies also prefer higher graduates as because they know to work under a team. This is very important for the business companies that those higher graduates know how to work under a team. On the other hand, a large group of employers often prefer to recruit higher graduates those have the potential to work in this company. Higher graduates have the potential to work with these companies. As stated by, Schoot (2003) satisfaction level of the employers has been increased in order to recruit the higher graduates of institution. They are often satisfied with the higher graduates as because they have analyzed that the higher graduates are all set to deliver the duties and responsibilities of the institution. Overall satisfaction level of the employers is often ranged from the decision making skills and skills of computer of those higher graduates. Other skills are like flexibility of foreign languages have also considered as the basic and important skill for the higher graduates. Therefore, Tomankova et al. (2012) also states that, the graduates are often recruited in the medium size company but the higher graduates have been recruited in those large companies. Therefore, some graduate recruiters have also been recruited for the purpose of employment. Therefore, the training and development process of the employees should be done for the purpose of employer organization. Program of distance learning have been mentioned for the training of the employees. Reference list Books Brynteson, R. (2013). Innovation at work New York: AMACOM, American Management Association. Estelami, H. (2013). Frontiers of distance learning in business education Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press. Frith, K. and Clark, D. (2013). Distance education in nursing. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Kumar, V. and Lin, F. (2013). System and technology advancements in distance learning.Hershey, Pa.: Information Science Reference. Journals Al-Mutairi, A. and Naser, K. (2014). Employability Factors of Business Graduates in Kuwait: Evidence from An Emerging Country. IJBM, 9(10) Cai, Y. (2012). Graduate employability: a conceptual framework for understanding employers perceptions. High Educ, 65(4), pp.457-469 Carroll, C. (2011). Accessing the graduate labour market: assessing the employability of Irish non-traditional graduates of Trinity College, Dublin Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning, 13(2), pp.86-104 D'souza, G., Devi, E. and Sheilini, M. (2013) Communication Pattern, Attitude Towards Importance of Communication and Factors Affecting Communication among Nursing Graduates Working in Cardiac Units International Journal of Nursing Care, 1(1), p.64. FUGATE, M. and ASHFORTH, B. (2003) EMPLOYABILITY: THE CONSTRUCT, ITS DIMENSIONS, AND APPLICATIONS Academy of Management Proceedings, 2003(1), pp.J1-J6 Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. and Ashforth, B. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), pp.14-38 Gil-Jaurena, I. (2013). Learning assessment in open, distance and flexible education Open Praxis, 5(3). Gokuladas, V. (2010) Technical and non-technical education and the employability of engineering graduates: an Indian case study. International Journal of Training and Development, 14(2), pp.130-143 Harvey, L. (2001). Defining and Measuring Employability Quality in Higher Education, 7(2), pp.97-109. Haverila, M. (2010) Factors affecting new product success in technology companies: the case of Finland IJPD, 12(2), p.176 Hosseini, S. and Rezaei, R. (2010) Factors affecting the perceptions of Iranian agricultural researchers towards nanotechnology Public Understanding of Science, 20(4), pp.513-524 Kruss *, G. (2004). Employment and employability: expectations of higher education responsiveness in South Africa. Journal of Education Policy, 19(6), pp.673-689 Mason, G., Williams, G. and Cranmer, S. (2009). Employability skills initiatives in higher education: what effects do they have on graduate labour market outcomes?. Education Economics, 17(1), pp.1-30 Morrison, A. (2012). You have to be well spoken: students views on employability within the graduate labour market. Journal of Education and Work, 27(2), pp.179-198 Mutairi, A., Naser, K. and Saeid, M. (2014). Factors Impact Business Graduates Employability: Evidence from Academicians and Employers in Kuwait. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(4) OLeary, S. (2013) Collaborations in Higher Education with Employers and Their Influence on Graduate Employability: An Institutional Project ELiSS, 5(1), pp.37-50 Schoot, E. (2003). The influence of the curriculum, individual characteristics, recruitment policies and the labour market on graduate employability International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 3(2), p.171. Sermsuk, S., Triwichitkhun, D. and Wongwanich, S. (2014). Employment Conditions and Essential Employability Skills Required by Employers for Secondary School Graduate Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, pp.1848-1854 Todhunter, B. (2013). LOL limitations of online learning are we selling the open and distance education message short?. Distance Education, 34(2), pp.232-252 Tomankova, J., Rasmussen, M., Andersson, K., Ekstrand, B. and Zamaratskaia, G. (2012). Improvac does not modify the expression and activities of the major drug metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 3A and 2C in pigs. Vaccine, 30(24), pp.3515-3518. Tomlinson, M. (2007). Graduate employability and student attitudes and orientations to the labour market. Journal of Education and Work, 20(4), pp.285-304 Wilton, N. (2008). Business graduates and management jobs: an employability match made in heaven?. Journal of Education and Work, 21(2), pp.143-158 Wilton, N. (2011). Do employability skills really matter in the UK graduate labour market? The case of business and management graduates. Work, Employment Society, 25(1), pp.85-100. Wye, C. and Lim, Y. (2009). Perception Differential between Employers and Undergraduates on the Importance of Employability Skills IES, 2(1) Yasmin, (2013). Application of the classification tree model in predicting learner dropout behaviour in open and distance learning Distance Education, 34(2), pp.218-231 Websites Cambridge Employability Skills Framework, (2015) Cambridge Employability Skills Framework: Home. [online] Available at: https://www.employabilityskills.org [Accessed 1 Mar. 2015]. Free Range Education, (2015). Free Range Education. [online] Available at: https://www.freerangeeducation.org/ [Accessed 1 Mar. 2015].

Brave New World Totalitarianism Is the 1930s free essay sample

Wrage Totalitarianism in the 1930’s Karl Marxs Theory of History and the Recovery of the Marxian Tradition: Science amp; Society 8-22-12 Pages. 42, 30-54, 235-239 Marx had predicted that under communism the state would wither away. The opposite occurred under the Stalin. He turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state. In this form of government, a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizen. You have already seen how Stalin purged political rivals and imposed central government control over industry and agriculture. To ensure obedience, Stalin’s Communist party used secret police, censorship and terror. Huxley wrote Brave New World between World War I and World War II. The effects of the War, were became obvious. Huxley wrote about changes in the feeling of nationalism to Great Britain, and began to move toward more equality among the classes and between the sexes. During this time period between the Wars totalitarianism was apparent. We will write a custom essay sample on Brave New World Totalitarianism Is the 1930s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Totalitarian figures appear in Brave New World as Huxleys characters. He uses names of socialist and totalitarian leaders and the name and personalities of most characters. Names such as Karl Marx(Bernard Marx), Lenin(Lenina Crowne), Fanny Kaplan(Fanny Crowne), Benito Mussolini(Benito Hoover), and Mustapha Kemal Ataturk(Mustapha Mond), as well as these leaders beliefs and passions emerge as Huxleys characters passions. For example Bernard Marx is a representative of Karl Marx, Bernard doesn’t meet the physical standard of the Alpha group and is thus an outcast. This outcast feeling causes Bernard to question the government and wants to change the system. Like Karl Marx, who created socialism, which led to communism. Bernard is conditioned to remain common and to not be an individual. This is what feared Huxley, who believed that Communism in Russia, Fascism in Italy and Nazi Germany would lead to the loss of individualism in society. The character Mustapha Mond plays a big role in the novel, Mond is one of the controllers in the World State. He states in the novel â€Å"Wheels must turn steadily, but cannot turn untended. There must be men to tend them, men as steady as the wheels upon their axles, sane men, obedient men, stable in contentment. †(Pg. 42) when Mond says this he is stating that the people have no power and the government holds all the power, without the government the people would not be able to remain stable. This novel shows the darkness of Totalitarianism and its effects. Found at Prentice hall world history text book chapter 8 page 729.